US Inflation Cooling as Consumer Prices Rise Moderately Again

US consumer prices increased moderately in July as higher rents were mostly offset by declining costs of goods such as motor vehicles and furniture, a trend that could persuade the Federal Reserve to leave interest rates unchanged next month.

The report from the Labor Department on Thursday also showed underlying inflation pressures subsided further last month. The annual increase in prices, excluding the volatile food and energy components, the so-called core inflation, was the smallest in nearly two years.

Moderate inflation, together with a cooling labour market, bolstered economists’ conviction that the US central bank will be able to engineer a “soft landing” for the economy after a year of hand-wringing about a recession.

“Significant progress on the inflation front has been made; a persistent trend of disinflation is evident,” said Sung Won Sohn, a finance and economics professor at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles. “It is time for the central bank to stop its campaign to beat inflation; it should wait and see for a while.”

The consumer price index rose 0.2 percent last month, matching the gain in June. Shelter accounted for more than 90 percent of the increase in the CPI, with rental costs increasing 0.4 percent.

Food prices gained 0.2 percent. Grocery food prices increased 0.3 percent after being unchanged in June. They were boosted by higher prices for eggs, beef, dairy, as well as fruit and vegetables. Still, grocery store prices have slowed considerably, increasing 3.6 percent on a year-on-year basis in July after peaking at 13.5 percent in August 2022.

Restaurant meal prices rose 0.2 percent, slowing back to pre-pandemic trends. The cost of energy products edged up 0.1 percent, with gasoline prices rising slightly. A jump in prices at the pump in late July will likely be reflected in the August inflation report.

The CPI advanced 3.2 percent in the 12 months through July. That followed a 3.0 percent rise in June, which was the smallest year-on-year gain since March 2021.

The increase in the annual CPI rate picked up for the first time in 13 months as it was calculated from a lower base after prices subsided last July following a jump that had boosted inflation to a pace not seen in more than 40 years.

Annual consumer prices have come down from a peak of 9.1 percent in June 2022. The CPI increased at a 1.9 percent annualised rate over the last three months, the slowest pace since June 2020, from 2.7 percent in June. The Fed has a 2 percent inflation target.

Economists polled by Reuters had forecast the CPI would rise 0.2 percent last month and by 3.3 percent on a year-on-year basis.

“Consumers are seeing broad-based relief on prices as the economy operates in lower gear and a small margin of slack opens in the labour market,” said Bill Adams, chief economist at Comerica Bank in Dallas.

The CPI report is one of two before the Fed’s Sept. 19-20 policy meeting. Financial markets overwhelmingly expect the central bank to leave its policy rate unchanged at that meeting, according to CME Group’s FedWatch tool. Since March 2022, the Fed has raised its benchmark overnight interest rate by 525 basis points to the current 5.25 percent-5.50 percent range.

Stocks on Wall Street were trading higher. The dollar edged down against a basket of currencies. US Treasury prices fell.

Rental Costs Remain High

Excluding food and energy, the CPI gained 0.2 percent in July, matching the rise in June. Underlying inflation was curbed by a 0.3 percent drop in core goods prices, which followed a 0.1 percent dip in June. Goods deflation was driven by used cars and trucks, whose prices dropped 1.3 percent. There were also decreases in the prices of new cars and household furnishings.

But services inflation remained sticky, rising 0.3 percent for a third straight month. Services were lifted by higher rental costs. Owners’ equivalent rent (OER), a measure of the amount homeowners would pay to rent or would earn from renting their property, rose 0.5 percent after climbing 0.4 percent in June.

Independent measures have been showing rental costs on a downward trend as more apartment buildings come on the market. Rent measures in the CPI tend to lag the independent gauges by several months. The annual increase in rents slowed to 7.7 percent in July after topping 8.1 percent in March.

“Housing disinflation will pick up momentum in the coming months,” said Lydia Boussour, senior economist at EY-Parthenon in New York.

There were also increases in the costs of motor vehicle insurance, education and recreation. But airline fares declined 8.1 percent, falling for the fourth consecutive month. Hotel and motel rooms were cheaper last month.

In the 12 months through July, the so-called core CPI increased 4.7 percent. That was the smallest year-on-year advance since October 2021 and followed a 4.8 percent rise in June. The core PCE increased at a 3.1 percent annualised rate in the past three months, the slowest pace since September 2021, after rising 4.1 percent in June.

But the economy is not out of the woods yet. Though the labour market is slowing, conditions remain tight, keeping wages elevated and driving solid economic growth. A spate of strikes, heat waves across the country and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war could fan inflation pressures, economists warned.

Cooling inflation also means improved purchasing power for households, underpinning demand. Real average hourly earnings for all employees increased 0.3 percent in July.

“This report does not yet guarantee that we have seen the last rate increase,” said Richard de Chazal, macro analyst at William Blair in London.

In another report on Thursday, the Labor Department said initial claims for state unemployment benefits increased 21,000 to a seasonally adjusted 248,000 for the week ended Aug. 5, exceeding economists’ expectations for a reading of 230,000.

The larger-than-expected rise was driven by an outsized jump in filings in Ohio, a state that has previously experienced problems with fraudulent applications. The collapse of Yellow Trucking was also cited as a factor by economists.

The number of people receiving benefits after an initial week of aid, a proxy for hiring, fell 8,000 to 1.684 million during the week ending July 29, the claims report showed. Some laid-off workers are experiencing short spells of unemployment.

By Lucia Mutikani

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