CERN’s July 5th test LIVE — Large Hadron Collider officially opened today with new particles already being discovered

A ‘monumental milestone’

Reflecting on the 10th anniversary of the discovery, Cern’s Director-General and the project leader of the Atlas experiment at the time, Fabiola Gianotti, said: “The discovery of the Higgs boson was a monumental milestone in particle physics.

“It marked both the end of a decades-long journey of exploration and the beginning of a new era of studies of this very special particle.

“I remember with emotion the day of the announcement, a day of immense joy for the worldwide particle physics community and for all the people who worked tirelessly over decades to make this discovery possible.”

CERN’s functions

CERN’s main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics.

Numerous high-profile experiments have been constructed at the institute through international collaborations, such as the creation of the World Wide Web.

CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory, which in 2019 had 2,660 staff members, and hosted about 12,400 users from institutions in more than 70 countries.

‘Portal’ superstition

People have shared their superstitions regarding the “portal” that has opened after two high-energy particle beams were set to travel at close to the speed of light before they collide.

“What if CERN really did open a portal to hell or something,” another person tweeted.

CERN was in the news after the hit show Stranger Things was released in 2016.

What scientists have said, continued

CERN also shared remarks from LHCb spokesperson Chris Parkes.

“Finding new kinds of tetraquarks and pentaquarks and measuring their properties will help theorists develop a unified model of exotic hadrons, the exact nature of which is largely unknown,” he said.

“It will also help to better understand conventional hadrons.”

What scientists have said about the discoveries

CERN shared statements on its website from multiple physicists.

“The more analyses we perform, the more kinds of exotic hadrons we find,” said LHCb physics coordinator Niels Tuning.

“We’re witnessing a period of discovery similar to the 1950s, when a ‘particle zoo’ of hadrons started being discovered and ultimately led to the quark model of conventional hadrons in the 1960s.”

“We’re creating ‘particle zoo 2.0’.”

What are tetraquarks and pentaquarks?

Tetraquarks and pentaquarks are formed when quarks combine into groups of four and five.

These hardons are considered rare, and even dubbed as “exotic” by CERN.

CERN’s website revealed that tetraquarks and pentaquarks were predicted by scientists six decades ago, but have only recently been observed in the last 20 years.

What are quarks?

According to CERN‘s website, quarks “are elementary particles and come in six flavours: up, down, charm, strange, top and bottom.”

CERN went on to explain that quarks usually combine into groups of two or three to make up hadrons that can be protons and neutrons which make up atomic nuclei.

Three new particles discovered

Three never-before-seen particles have been discovered today at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), after Run 3 started.

The international LHCb collaboration observed the first-ever pair of “tetraquarks,” and a new kind of “pentaquark,” according to CERN’s website.

The findings were presented at the CERN seminar today.

Photo recreation

Joe Incandela, the 2012 CMS Experiment spokesperson, and Fabiola Gianotti, the 2012 ATLAS Experiment spokesperson recreated their photo taken on July 4, 2012.

The photo was taken when the Higgs Boson discovery was announced.

The recreation photo was taken exactly 10 years later.

A successful start

CERN press shared a photo of a round of applause breaking out within its control center.

The applause broke out after controls were switched on and the third run officially began.

When was the Large Hadron Collider last open?

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has not been open since 2019.

CERN officially began Run 3 Tuesday morning, and Large Hadron Collisions are once again taking place.

Who is Robert Cailliau, continued

The event was oversubscribed with 380 web pioneers and marked a real turning point in the development of the internet.

As well as being such an esteemed computer scientist, Cailliau also authored the book How the Web Was Born in 2000.

He went on early retirement in 2007 after dedicating his time to public communication.

Who is Robert Cailliau?

Robert Cailliau collaborated with Berners-Lee on the world wide web and created its iconic WWW logo.

The Belgian proposed the first hypertext system for CERN in 1987 which would go on to develop the internet as we know it.

He likewise organised the first Internation World Wide Web Conference at CERN in 1994.

ENQUIRE wasn’t very accessible

However, ENQUIRE wasn’t up to scratch for what the internet inventor had envisioned and he came back to CERN in 1984 to work on the system.

He realized that he wanted the world wide web to be similar to this prototype “but accessible to everybody”.

What was ENQUIRE?

Berners-Lee wrote his first proposal for the internet at CERN in 1989, but refined it with Belgian systems engineer Robert Cailliau the year after.

Yet, the scientist had previously made an early predecessor of the world wide web in 1980 under the name ENQUIRE.

The software project was a simple hypertext program which Berners-Lee named after an old how-to book, Enquire Within Upon Everything.

What is the Higgs Boson?

The discovery of the Higgs boson – or “God particle” – was monumental.

The particle gives matter mass and holds the physical fabric of the universe together.

Its existence had been debated for decades and researchers finally confirmed it on July 4, 2012.

The landmark discovery of the particle was made at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) – the “Big Bang” atom-smasher near Geneva.

It was announced exactly 10 years ago by Cern, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research.

How big is the Large Hadron Collider?

The Large Hadron Collider sits at a whopping 27 kilometer (17 miles) ring of magnets, making it the biggest accelerator in the world.

The circumference is made up of thousands of magnets surrounding the beams around the LHC, all of different varieties and sizes.

Generally, accelerators are required to be large in order to prevent breakage.

What does the Large Hadron Collider do?

As the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider, also known as LHC, was built to study subatomic particles.

These minuscule particles are the smallest building blocks of all things in the universe.

The collider fires particle beams at each other in opposite directions in two tubes kept at ultrahigh vacuum.

These beams are kept at -456.34 Fahrenheit and travel close to the speed of light, ensuring the highest discovery potential as well as precision.

What is the Large Hadron Collider?

The European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) has its headquarters in Geneva, which lies on the border of France and Switzerland.

The LHC is a massive ring of superconducting magnets for ground-breaking scientific research that is located 100 meters below.

Although accelerators were created in the 1930s to study the structure of atoms, the LHC is the largest of its type.

Scientists undertake experiments within the enormous apparatus to make revolutionary discoveries about the nature of the cosmos, such as the discovery of a “God particle” 10 years ago.

Berners-Lee had some help

Together with Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau designed the world wide web’s recognizable WWW logo.

In 1987, the Belgian suggested the first hypertext system to CERN, which later led to the creation of the internet as we know it today.

The inaugural International World Wide Web Conference was also organized by him in 1994 at CERN.

Three hundred and eighty online pioneers oversubscribed the event, which represented a significant turning point in the evolution of the internet.

In addition to being a renowned computer scientist, Cailliau wrote How the Web Was Born in 2000.

After investing his time in public communication, he took early retirement in 2007.

Who is Tim Berners-Lee?

The world wide web was created by Tim Berners-Lee, who is credited with creating the internet at CERN.

He now holds the positions of professor at MIT and professorial fellow in computer science at Oxford.

He has received various honors and accolades throughout the years, including a knighthood from the Queen in 2004 and a Turing Award in 2016.

He was listed as one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century in 1999 by Time magazine.

A CERN employee created the Internet

In fact, a British physicist at CERN created the Internet in 1989.

However, the organization is not only located in Geneva, on the Franco-Swiss border, at the mega-lab where the Large Hadron Collider has been switched on.

Over 10,000 scientists from more than 100 nations make up the huge global network known as CERN.

Therefore, Tim Berners-Lee developed the concept of the internet to enable these scientists from universities and institutions throughout the world to exchange knowledge, discoveries, and research.

He sought to create a worldwide information system by fusing the technologies of personal computers, networks, and hypertext.

CERN allows visitors

Visitors are unable to enter the Large Hadron Collider’s tunnel, but you may learn a lot about particle physics by visiting the CERN headquarters in Geneva.

Free guided tours of the whole laboratory are available, however, space is limited and reservations are necessary.

There are very few underground detector excursions available, but there is a lot to see elsewhere.

CERN has two primary locations, one in France and the other in Switzerland, due to its border location.

At the Meyrin site in Switzerland, there is a visitor reception.

Where is CERN headquarters located?

The CERN headquarters are located in Geneva, close to the Swiss-French border.

The LHC, a massive, 17-mile ring of superconducting magnets made up of a variety of structures, is located 100 meters underground.

Before colliding, two high-energy particle beams move within the LHC at speeds that are almost as fast as light.

The accelerator’s beams are propelled by thousands of magnets of various shapes and sizes, and to operate at peak efficiency, they must be maintained at a temperature of -456.34 degrees Fahrenheit, which is colder than space.

What does the Large Hadron Collider do?

As the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider, also known as LHC, was built to study subatomic particles.

These minuscule particles are the smallest building blocks of all things in the universe.

The collider fires particle beams at each other in opposite directions in two tubes kept at ultrahigh vacuum.

These beams are kept at -456.34 Fahrenheit and travel close to the speed of light, ensuring discovery potential as well as precision.